The increments of the internal forces induced by an earthquake in the transverse section of a tunnel lining can be ascribed to the ovalisation of the section, induced by soil shear straining in the vertical plane. They can be assessed with several procedures ...

The proposed approach combines geomechanical characterization, with the results of in situ testing, and back analysis. Especially for in situ testing, a new method is developed for obtaining in an efficient and economic manner specimens of weak rocks. The ...

<p>It is a characteristic of underground works that technical and economic decisions have to be considered under conditions of uncertainty. This uncertainty arises from the inability to form a complete structure of the medium, the rock mass, in terms of geological ...

Common practice in tunnel design considers a deterministic approach for dimensioning primary support and final lining. Generally the design is based on some parameters statistics (for example the mean) and a fixed factor of safety is required to take into ...