This paper provides theoretical background, laboratory data and full-scale measurements useful in understanding the interaction between soils and geosynthetics under unsaturated conditions. It also includes an evaluation of the current state of knowledge regarding ...

<p>A database of 414 large-scale direct shear test results was assembled to evaluate variables governing geosynthetic clay liner GCL internal shear strength. The tests were conducted by a single independent laboratory over 12 years using procedures consistent ...