<p>It has been known that soil shear strength parameters are stress level dependent. On the other hand, foundation size has a significant effect on the level of imposed stress on subsoil elements. In this study, the Zero Extension Lines (ZEL) method, which ...

In shallow foundations, the third bearing capacity factor, Nγ, has been found to show a decreasing tendency with increasing the foundation size. It is supported by experimental observations and related mainly to stress level dependent nature of the soil. On ...