The results of this study show that failure of the examined caisson quay wall is induced by the deformation of the foundation and backfill soils. For all the analyzed remedial methods, improving the top 10 to 15 m of foundation soil under the wall and first 20 to 25 m of backfill soil behind the quay wall shows the best improvement efficiency. The improved performances of the quay wall are estimated to be acceptable, which only requires reasonable restoration effort to fully recover the damage under the earthquake motion with a probability of exceedance of 10 percent during its life-span. Different remedial designs using various methods are classified into three categories depending on their improved performance grades. Future research is recommended to include verification, implementation and updating of the proposed framework
to advance the state-of-the-art of liquefaction mitigation using ground improvement.