Potential Failure Modes Analysis (PFMA) and similar processes have become a fundamental part of dam safety program efforts for many organizations in the United States and around the world. In the PFMA process, the credible threats to the safety of a dam (the potential failure modes) are identified considering all loading conditions, so that appropriate responses can be formulated to address those threats. Responses could involve dam modification, further investigation/analysis of the matter, restrictions in reservoir operation, and/or improved emergency action planning, but in many instances the response is simply development and implementation of a dam safety monitoring and surveillance program aimed at specifically addressing the threats identified during the PFMA effort.