This paper presents the results of 159 finite element simulations conducted to define the effects of excavation geometry, i.e., length, width and depth of excavation, wall system stiffness, and factor of safety against basal heave on the 3-dimensional ground ...

Several three-dimensional effects were observed in the performance monitoring data collected during excavation for the Ford Engineering Design Center (FEDC) in Evanston, Illinois. These responses are related to lateral deformations of the soil around the excavation ...