<p>A major research project investigating the effect of tunnelling on existing tunnels has been completed at Imperial College London. This subject is always of great concern during the planning and execution of underground tunnelling works in the urban environment. ...

<p>Soft ground tunneling, in urban areas are generally bored using pressurized TBM. Tunnel design involves the need to revalue the classical concepts of deformation response to the excavation and the control priorities, focalized on face and cavity, loose ...