<p>The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio has become increasingly popular in studies of site effect and determination of the predominant period of a site. In this study, this method is extended to identify nonlinear soil responses. To establish this phenomenon, ...

<p>This paper presents a survey of seven unique case-history sites, along with a review of the techniques used in analyses of downhole seismic records. These techniques include correlation and spectral analyses, stress-strain imaging, and system identification ...