<p>Strain wedge (SW) model formulation has been used, in previous work, to evaluate the response of a single pile or a group of piles (including its pile cap) in layered soils to lateral loading. The SW model approach provides appropriate prediction for the ...

A strict upper bound solution to limit loads on strip footings over two-layer clay foundation soil is presented. Two mechanisms of failure are considered: one with a continually deforming field, and a rigid-block mechanism. The multi-block mechanism was found ...