The paper discusses continuum and discontinuum modelling in tunnel engineering. A brief review of fundamentals is presented in connection with the use of closed-form solutions and computer based numerical methods. A few remarks are derived on the choice of ...

The history of stress around a circular tunnel during excavation in a homogeneous, isotropic, linear elastic or plastic medium with a strain softening behavior, subjected to either isotropic (Ko = 1) or anisotropic (Ko = 2) state of stress, in 3D conditions ...