An engineering geological assessment with respect to the TBM excavation, within a highly heterogeneous system of formations known as the "Athens Schist" is presented. The method considers mainly the rock mass competence on the basis of criteria related to ...

The paper investigates the steady-state rise of the groundwater table upstream of a shallow tunnel due to the obstruction of the groundwater low in the direction normal to the tunnel axis, using a steady-state finite-element groundwater low model. Based on ...