This paper presents the view that rock mass classification systems are not enough for final design, from experience with major tunnels and cavern projects in the Sydney region.

<p>The analytical design of rock bolt and shotcrete support of roofs of wide span tunnels under moderate cover in Sydney&rsquo;s Hawkesbury Sandstone is described. The simple process allows rapid parametric studies to be carried out prior to detailed numerical ...

Permanent rock bolts in civil engineering are taken with a design life of at least 50 years. A review of recent Australian tunneling projects shows that substantial differences exist in the level of corrosion protection provided for permanent steel shafted ...