Bridge approaches provide a smooth and safe transition of vehicles from highway pavements to bridge structures and vice versa. Settlement at the end of the bridge and highway pavements also known as a ‘bump’ in the roadway, causes not only inconvenience to ...

Bridge approaches provide smooth and safe transition of vehicles from highway pavements to bridge structures. However, settlement of the bridge approach slab relative to bridge decks usually creates a bump in the roadway. The bump causes inconvenience to passengers ...