<p>The behavior of heat-tacked GCL seams under cyclic wetting and drying is examined. It is shown that the transverse shrinkage behavior of heat-tacked seams was similar to that observed in previous shrinkage tests performed on unseamed GCL. It is shown that ...

<p>Shrinkage of GCL panels in composite liners left exposed to solar radiation (i.e with no cover soil/ ballast) has resulted in significant separation between initially overlapped panels in a number of field cases reported in the literature. Separations between ...