<p>In order to study the effects of a seismically induced tunnel&ndash; ground interaction, two-dimensional numerical analyses are performed using the sofware ANSYS. The study employs a coupled beam&ndash;spring model subjected to earthquake loading that is ...

<p>Ever increasing population of large cities, density of transportation, and need for storage capacity have led, inevitably, to an increased use of underground facilities. Tunnels in urban environment are often located at small depths underneath densely populated ...