The East Anatolian fault system (EAFS) is the 80-km-wide, 700-km-long, NE trending sinistral strike-slip fault system forming a seismically very active intracontinental transfom fault boundary. It is located between Karlıova County in the northeast and Karataş-Samandağ counties in the southwest, and forms the southeastern boundary of the Anatolian platelet. Th e Palu-Uluova basin is one of several strike-slip basins located along the EAFS. It is surrounded by several push-ups such as the Karaömerdağı, Mastardağı and Askerdağı push-ups caused by the complexities peculiar to strike-slip faulting. Th e Palu-Uluova basin consists of three sub-sections: two are NE-trending strike-slip sub-basins, the Uluova and the Palu-Kumyazı sub-basins, while the third is a ramp basin, the E–W-trending Yolüstü basin which links the earlier two sub-basins. Th e Palu-Uluova basin is characterized and shaped by a 130-m-thick neotectonic basin infi ll (Palu Formation) and a series of bounding strike-slip fault zones such as the Sivrice, Adıyaman, Uluova, Elazığ, Pertek and Yolüstü fault zones. Th e Palu Formation is an undeformed fl uvio-lacustrine sedimentary sequence. The youngest palaeotectonic rock-stratigraphic unit is the Upper Miocene–Lower Pliocene Çaybağı Formation, deposited in a ramp type of intermontane basin bounded and controlled by the reverse faults. Th e Çaybağı Formation is intensely deformed (steeply tilted, folded and thrust to reverse-faulted) on a regional (mappable) scale. Th e compressional deformation pattern of the Çaybağı Formation is truncated, sealed and overlain with angular unconformity by the nearly horizontal undeformed Plio–Quaternary Palu Formation. Th is regional angular unconformity refl ects: (a) a series of pre-Late Pliocene regional tectonic inversions (e.g., type of the tectonic regime, style of deformation and nature of magmatic activity), and (b) the timing of the major transition from the folding and thrust to reverse faulting-dominated palaeotectonic period into the strike-slip faulting-dominated neotectonic period is Late Pliocene.