Since Iran is one of the seismically active regions, and many lessons are embedded in the observations of surface ruptures of Iran earthquakes, the use of case histories as a basis for the development of both insights and engineering judgment is considered. In this paper, the importance of earthquake fault rupture hazards are presented, and illustrative examples are used to demonstrate how the hazards associated with surface fault rupture and lessons achieved from field studies are presented for implementing effective engineering designs to mitigate surface fault rupture hazards.