Rockyfor3D is a simulation model that calculates trajectories of single, individually falling rocks, in three dimensions (3D). The model combines physically-based, deterministic algorithms with stochastic approaches, which makes Rockyfor3D a so-called ‘probabilistic ...

The protective effect of forests against rockfall cannot be neglected in risk management. This is, of course, under the condition that a considerable slope length in the transit area is forested and that a tree diameter distribution which can provide sufficient ...

Rockfall is a rapid and rather spontaneous natural hazard. It is a natural process that poses problems in many areas downslope from rocky outcrops throughout the world. To predict the potential rockfall threat, it is not only required to estimate the stopping ...

This contribution provides an overview of previous and current research on the main topics related to rockfall.

Rockfall is an extremely rapid process involving long travel distances. Due to these features, when an event occurs, the ability to take evasive action is practically zero and, thus, the risk of injury or loss of life is high. Damage to buildings and infrastructure ...

This paper presents results of an iterative sequence of tests and improvements of a coupled rockfall and forest dynamics model with focus on the rockfall module.

Coppice forest stands can play a key protective role on active rockfall slopes in mountainous regions. This paper aims at quantifying their protection function and at explaining the role of different stand parameters in this function.

Swiss-wide, standardized information on natural hazards that threaten national roads (highways) are not available. The Swiss federal roads office (FEDRO) therefore decided to initiate a four year project, aiming at quantifying and mapping all risks due to ...

Following a major rockfall event in 1987, two types of protection measures were taken in the village Saint Martin le Vinoux (French Alps). Firstly, technical measures using civil engineering were installed, and secondly, a forest management intervention to ...

This study reveals that disturbance induced under natural conditions triggers more intense and more widespread anatomical responses than that induced under artificial stimuli, and that experimental laboratory tests considerably underestimate tree response. ...