<p>Pipe Roof Support systems are increasingly being used in weak ground tunneling although the design is often only based on experience. The results of an intensive measurement campaign, including settlement measurements ahead of the face, were used to determine ...

<p>During the planning of the Mae Ngad-Mae Kuang project a comprehensive geological/geotechnical investigation program led to an optimization of the alignment with respect to technical and environmental risks. Different options for the construction of the ...

<p>Nowadays a number of tunnels are constructed in urban areas in weak rocks with high or low overburden. In both cases geodetic methods are used to monitor displacements and control stability. In special cases additional other measurement systems are used ...

<p>Nowadays a number of tunnels are constructed in urban areas in weak rocks with high or low overburden. In both cases geodetic methods are used to monitor displacements and control stability. In special cases additional other measurement systems are used ...

<p>Principal geotechnical difficulties likely to be encountered when driving a tunnel through a fault zone are: instability of the face; excessive overbreak and deformation from squeezing and/or swelling fault rocks; instability of intermediate construction ...

<p>In weak or faulted rock and high overburden considerable displacements occur during excavation of tunnels and galleries. In most cases the behaviour of the ground is not ductile, but governed by different failure modes. In the design stage it is important ...

<p>A continuous observation during construction always has been an important element of geotechnical engineering for minimizing risks. The reasons are the uncertainties in the geological and geotechnical models, as well as the limited capability to sufficiently ...