Earthquakes subject tunnel linings to transient strains due to ground shaking, and can cause localized permanent strains in zones of fault rupture. These issues are discussed with respect to seismic analyses and design strategies. Most underground structures ...

<p>A full dynamic analysis of the Bay Tunnel, considering the soil structure interactions, was performed to evaluate the performance of the tunnel final lining system during the design earthquake. This paper discusses the methods employed to perform the dynamic ...

<p>Tunnelling was part of the new Tren Urbano transit system in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Four tunnels in soil were designed and constructed with shotcrete linings using the sequential excavation method (SEM), which uses some aspects of the New Austrian Tunneling ...

<p>This paper describes design considerations and the design process for pressure tunnels in general and the MWWST in particular. It provides an overview of how the design of pressure tunnel and shaft components progresses.</p>