The world’s first roller-compacted concrete in dams was started in October 1978 in Japan. Since then, for just 30 years, about 50 roller compacted concrete dams have been constructed in Japan. This rollercompacted concrete is called RCD (Roller Compacted Dam concrete) and RCD dams are distinguished from the other roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams because there are some differences in their design and construction philosophies. So far, RCD construction method has realized the smooth, safe and economical dam constructions through many experiences. Further, like conventional concrete dams, RCD dams have satisfied requested performances such as strength, unit weight, water tightness and durability. This paper describes the history of RCD dams, the characteristics of RCD concrete, and the latest situation of RCD construction method in Japan.