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LEANING TOWER OF PISA: BEHAVIOUR AFTER STABILIZATION OPERATIONS (2009)

 It is well known that the foundations of the Leaning Tower of Pisa were stabilised using the method of  underexcavation to reduce the southward inclination of the Tower by about 10 percent in combination with controlling the  seasonally fluctuating water table beneath the north side. Having been closed to the public since early in 1990, the Tower 
was re-opened in December 2001. The paper summarises the response of the Tower during the period of implementation of  the stabilisation works. Monitoring of the movements of the Tower has been continuing and the observations obtained since  2001 are presented. It is shown that over the six years between 2003 and 2008 the induced rate of northward rotation of the Tower has been steadily reducing to less than 0.2 arc seconds per year. 
Reference:
International Journal of Geoengineering Case histories, Vol.1, Issue 3, p.156-169.
Organization:
Emeritus Professor of Geotechnical Engineering, Imperial College London
Italy, Pisa
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