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PIEZOMETERS IN FULLY GROUTED BOREHOLES (2003)

For decades it has been common practice in the geotechnical industry to install diaphragm piezometers (pore pressure sensors) in boreholes using methods developed for standpipe piezometers in saturated soil (Dunnicliff, 1988, 1993). Surrounding a diaphragm piezometer with a poured-in sand pocket and placing a bentonite seal above it is at best a laborious process and can in the worst case be so difficult that the installation becomes a total failure. This paper argues that traditional methods should be abandoned and that pneumatic and vibrating wire diaphragm piezometers can be more simply installed directly surrounding them with cement-bentonite grout in the borehole. The method is not only easier and faster, but has a much better chance of succeeding in measuring the correct ground water pressure. A review of key papers shows that this idea is not new, but that only recently have fully grouted diaphragm piezometers begun to be employed in practice. The fully grouted method also makes it feasible to install multiple piezometers and to install piezometers together with other instruments in a single borehole. A review of traditional practice is provided as a background for understanding why it is time to change. Note that the proposed fully grouted method of installation only applies to diaphragm piezometers installed in saturated soils and generally excludes conventional standpipe piezometers. Application to unsaturated soils, soils exhibiting positive gas pressures or large negative pressures (suctions) are beyond the scope of this paper

Reference:
Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, FMGM 2003, Oslo, Norway, September
Organization:
Consulting Engineer, Geometron
USA
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