A Roman mausoleum located in the ancient city of Pınara, southwest Turkey, shows clear signs of damages due to dynamic loading. Considering the seismotectonic potential of the area, earthquake ground motions are a possible cause of the damages. However, the building is located at the foot of a 90 m high cliff with a significant rock fall hazard. We present a 3D discrete element model of the mausoleum based on a 3D laser scan. The range of 

impact velocities of blocks of different size and form and the actual slope of the cliff have been incorporated into 2D model calculations. The deformations caused by simulated rock impacts are compared to the actual displacements of blocks quantified 

from the laser scan. In addition, analytic ground motions signals are used to study the principal reaction of the building. The second damage scenario using earthquake strong ground motions shows that the damage is more likely caused by an earthquake than impacting rocks.