<p>Shales have been used extensively in the construction of highway embankments, and other earthen structures, because of the vast amounts of these materials located in many areas ofthe country and the lack of economical and alternate available materials. ...

<p>This paper is about foundations on Shale and Sandstone in the Sydney Region and includes relevant research findings and revisions of the original 1978 paper for classification system of shale and sandstone, guidelines and parameters.</p>

This document commences with design sections covering the basic assumptions relating to construction that are involved with modern design methods.

The paper describes a constant volume ring shear apparatus that allows the measurement of the undrained peak and residual shear strengths of cohesive soils. The undrained peak and residual strengths are applicable to seismic stability evaluations of slopes ...

Results of torsional ring shear tests on cohesive soils reveal that the drained residual strength is related to the type of clay mineral and quantity of clay-size particles. The liquid limit is used as an indicator of clay mineralogy, and the clay-size fraction ...

The main factor affecting the drained residual strength measured in the Bromhead ring shear apparatus is the magnitude of wall friction developed along the inner and the outer circumferences of the confined specimen. A new specimen container is proposed for ...

A new test procedure is presented that yields drained residual strengths that are in excellent agreement with field case histories.

A research investigation was conducted of earth movements resulting from a deep highway cut in the Ridge Route shale formation (located 40 miles north of Los Angeles). Subsurface benchmarks and extensometers were used to measure vertical and horizontal rebound ...