This paper presents a new concept of the seismic countermeasure for a structurally special part of tunnel such as ramp of road tunnel and a crossover of double-truck railway tunnel, in which a flat and large cross-sectional tunnel and a junction of tunnels ...

The paper describes current United States practice for Deep Soil Mixing (over 12 meters in depth), and Shallow Soil Mixing for vertical barriers and stabilization/solidification, and Jet Grouting for horizontal and vertical barriers. Creating very low permeability ...

This paper evaluates several solidification/stabilization methodologies, discusses their advantages and limitations, and provides a general overview of the solidification/stabilization process including: initial bench-scale testing full-scale implementation ...