<p>This article describes briefly the main assessments on the approaches used by engineers in quantifying the seismic effect on an underground structure, both referring to deterministic either probabilistic methods. However, the main purpose is that of proposing ...

<p>In the metro-line crossing minimization problem, we are given a plane graph G = (V,E) and a set L of simple paths (or lines) that cover G, that is, every edge e ϵ E belongs to at least one path in L. The problem is to draw all paths in L along the edges ...

<p>The Open and Go-down square is located at the center of the city where the constructional surroundings are very complex. It&rsquo;s a great challenge to the excavation because metro line 1 and 2 tunnels just underlie the pit forming a shape of double crossing ...

<p>The City of BuenosAires,Argentina, is expanding it&rsquo;s metro network. Some 13 km of newtunnels have been excavated since 1998 and some 20 km are scheduled for construction in the near future. Many major improvements have been implemmented during these ...

<p>In the paper problems related with the execution of 29m deep excavation of Nowy Swiat Station (S11) of 2nd metro line inWarsaw are discussed. In the central section,Warsaw 2nd metro line runs below the center of the city (office and housing buildings and ...