<p>During earthquake there is a considerable damage to structures which are above the ground level as well as to those structures which are completely underground. Several studies were carried out for analysing dynamic behavior of these structures. The underground ...

<p>The first Metro Project in Indonesia has commenced finally and half of the packages are underground structure. The civil packages have been achieving some significant progress in construction where the majority of underground stations are under construction ...

<p>This paper presents the features of sophisticated instrumentation available today for geotechnical monitoring. A wide range of sophistic have been described with their applications ted electronic and mechanical instrumentation with different instrumentation ...

<p>This article describes briefly the main assessments on the approaches used by engineers in quantifying the seismic effect on an underground structure, both referring to deterministic either probabilistic methods. However, the main purpose is that of proposing ...

<p>Hydropower plants with underground powerhouse contain different types of underground structures namely: diversion tunnels, headrace and tailrace tunnels, access tunnels, caverns grouting and inspection galleries etc. As earthquake ground shaking affects ...

<p>This paper describes case studies of building developments around tunnels. The case studies highlight a number of fundamental issues that have to be addressed when assesing the potential interaction between building construction around existing tunnels.</p ...