<p>This Geoguide presents a recommended standard of good practice for rock cavern application and design in Hong Kong. The contents of this guide are derived from Scandinavian practice with suitable modifications for application in Hong Kong.</p>

<p>Shotcrete is a process where concrete is projected or &ldquo;shot&rdquo; under pressure, using a feeder or a &ldquo;gun&rdquo; onto a surface to form structural shapes including walls, floors, and roofs. The surface can be wood, steel, polystyrene, or any ...

The shotcrete – rock interaction is very complex and is influenced by a number of factors. The influence of the following factors was investigated by a series of numerical analyses: the surface roughness of the opening, the rock strength and Young´s modulus, ...

<p>This paper describes the methods that can be used to optimize the design of tunnels using a combination of reinforcement and support methods. Particular attention is given to tunnels in very weak rock or soil in which large deformations can occur. Two case ...

This is the third guideline published under the Beyond the Pavement initiative. It accompanies Bridge Aesthetics and Noise Wall Design Guidelines and addresses the issue of the visual impact of shotcrete. While shotcrete is a useful and cost effective means ...

<p>Given the high deformability requirements of shotcrete in repair, rehabilitation, slope stabilization, ground support, and other applications, the use of fibers in shotcrete is growing. Growing also are challenges surrounding the use of fibers in shotcrete ...

Details are given of the analytical methods used to design rockbolts and shotcrete support for tunnels and large span caverns under relatively low cover in the near horizontally bedded Triassic sandstones of the Sydney region.

<p>The purpose of this paper is to describe some applications where FRS has produced satisfactory results, with reasonable costs and often with a significant reduction in total construction time. The use of shotcrete for slope and rock stabilization has increased ...

<p>The paper describes the design considerations and the experiences from the<br />construction of two shallow motorway tunnels in Greece. The ground consists of stiff clays, clayey sands and silts. The hydrogeological conditions are complex.<br />The tunnels ...

<p>What separates the support of mining openings from the support of similar civil engineering structures is the fact that mine openings have to survive large deformations as a result of changing stress conditions induced by progressive mining. Steel fibres ...