<p>Shotcrete is a process where concrete is projected or &ldquo;shot&rdquo; under pressure, using a feeder or a &ldquo;gun&rdquo; onto a surface to form structural shapes including walls, floors, and roofs. The surface can be wood, steel, polystyrene, or any ...

An essential characteristic of this stretch is that it has been built under the water table by excavating in very heterogeneous soils, composed of granular soils and rocks of considerable resistance which has created numerous problems during the construction ...

<p>Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc. which is one of the famous Japanese electric power companies has developed the technology to manufacture the highly functional fly ash (HFA) which is a brand name &ldquo;Finash&rdquo; produced by sorting and classifying ...

<p>Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete (FRS) reinforced with macro-synthetic fibres has now been used to stabilize ground in underground mines and tunnels, and for slope stabilization, for over 10 years. Experience has demonstrated that macro-synthetic bres are capable ...

<p>The Western Australian School of Mines (WASM) has developed a facility for the static testing of full scale ground support elements. The test facility consists of several stiff steel frames used to support the sample and a screw feed jack is used to load ...

<p>Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete (FRS) is now used together with bolts for ground support in almost every underground metalliferous mine in Australia. Safety and economy have been the primary factors driving the widespread adoption of this system of ground support. ...

<p>Adhesive mortar for tiles can be significantly improved by modification. Why should sprayed concrete not benefit similarly for various applications? This question has been investigated through large-scale tests in a tunnel cross passage, in an access gallery ...

<p>A complex rheological model has been used recently at several Austrian tunnel job sites to determine stresses in a shotcrete lining. The raw data are from displacements measurements at the lining contour. The analysis uses a material model based on a thermo-chemo-mechanical ...

There are several different driving forces behind the development of today’s modern robotic equipment. A need for efficiency, safety and economy. Most robotic units will help in this respect, by allowing substantially higher shotcrete output and even set-up ...

The tunnels have been constructed following the NAT method, without top heading and benching, and therefore full face excavated with a total section of 80 m2, and tunnel pulls ranging from 2 to 4 m. The south section of both tubes, excavated in coluvial soils, ...