<p>Total control of a tunnel project is currently possible with intelligent self-monitoring tools. The implementation of operational parameters of the TBM with other related issues around the construction process provides high quality information useful for ...

<p>To the tunnel structure in soft soil foundation, damages are likely caused by large deformation, thus it is more reasonable to measure deformation than to measure force or stress. Although there are many ways to obtain deformation information, measuring ...

<p>Real time monitoring of process parameters inside the underground or open cast mines in a reliable manner is a technical challenge for the mine industry. Real time monitoring can provide accurate information about different critical mining parameters like ...