This paper reviews the factors that influence the behavior of foundations in seismic environments. It discusses aspects related with seismic load definition, dynamic soil properties, field and laboratory testing equipment, geoseismic instrumentation of prototypes, ...

These guidelines, prepared by Working Group 2 (Research) of the International Tunnelling Association, are presented in three parts: Part I describes the outline of the procedure of design. Part II presents the detailed design methods. Part III provides references, ...

The kinematic theorem of limit analysis is used to evaluate the amount of reinforcement necessary to prevent collapse of slopes. The results are also applicable to some failure modes of reinforced walls. Calculations were performed assuming uniform and linearly ...

<p>This study, geared to advance the state of the art in earthquake engineering<br />of transportation tunnels, has the following goals:<br />&bull; To maintain a consistent seismic design philosophy and consistent design criteria both for underground structures ...

<p>For more than a century, Parsons Brinckerhoff (PB) has been instrumental in advancing state-of-the-art design and construction of underground structures, and the fields of seismic design and earthquake engineering are no exceptions. Almost three decades ...

This paper extends to other types of structure the simplified methodology proposed by Constantopoulos et al (1979) for the seismic design of tunnels.

This study defines the basis for the aseismic design of subsurface excavations and underground structures. It includes a definition of the seismic environment and earthquake hazard, and a review of the analytical and empirical tools that are available to the ...

<p>This paper presents a simplified seismic design method for underground structures based on the shear strain transmitting characteristics from surrounding ground to the structure. Since seismic deformation in the cross section of underground structures is ...

In this paper the general procedure for evaluation of seismic perfomrance of tunnles are reviewed and history of static and seismic performance of the Bolu tunnel is given.<br>

<p>A new seismic isolation technology ln which a slip easily occurs between a stracture and its peripheral soil or back-filling material has been developed. Such slip takes place by coating the outer surface of structure with a particular silicone paint of ...