<p>With the urban population increasing, conurbation is getting more and more crowed, traffic jam happens everywhere. In this case, utilization of the underground space has become an effective way to undertake this set of problems. Tunnel construction is one ...

<p>In this research, the prospect of tunneling by cut and cover and New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) for underground metro rail system in Dhaka city was evaluated. Both conventional analysis and 2D finite element analysis using an elasto-plastic constitutive ...

<p>During the construction of the Bullet Train lines in Japan, several shallow tunnels were excavated in unconsolidated ground using the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). However, ground and tunnel settlements frequently occurred due to the low stiffness ...

<p>Generally, two-pass lining systems are used for transportation tunnels constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). The initial lining can support a significant portion of the long-term ground loads and thus reduce the design loads on the ...

<p>This paper deals with a shotcrete lining with steel sets. The nonlinear analyses of a reinforced shotcrete lining are performed by using fiber beam-column element, which is a forced based element on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The constitutive model ...

As every construction project is quite different according to the type of construction, 3D-representations on design, estimation, construction, and management also need to be different. While the 3D-approach has been widely applied to building projects, it ...

<p>Shotcrete is a process where concrete is projected or &ldquo;shot&rdquo; under pressure, using a feeder or a &ldquo;gun&rdquo; onto a surface to form structural shapes including walls, floors, and roofs. The surface can be wood, steel, polystyrene, or any ...

In this paper, engineering geological properties of the entrance portal section of Konak&ouml;n&uuml; Tunnel, located on Black Sea Coastal Highway, Turkey, is studied. Moderately weathered basaltic and andesitic tuffs orderly to be driven by the entrance ...

Since the advent of New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), shotcrete as a primary means of support in tunnels has been widely applied. It’s most important features are durability, speed of application and cost effectiveness. This paper introduces some tables ...

From the tunnelling perspective, the Himalayas arguably pose the most challenging ground conditions almost anywhere in the world. One of the prime reasons for this is that they are the youngest of the mountain chains. They are demonstrably rising faster than ...

<p>RST Vibrating Wire NATM Stress Cells are designed to measure stresses in concrete (shotcrete) linings in tunnels and other underground workings</p>