Results from studies into long-term changes in soil pore and moisture characteristics on land restored after surface mining in the UK will be presented. Recolonisation of soils by earthworms is a key factor in developing a new macro-pore system but in its early stages this can lead to waterlogging of surface soils and reduced surface bearing strength. During this transition phase the soils are particularly susceptible to damage by treading or wheel pressures and careless management can lead to a cycle of improvement and degradation.
The importance of ensuring a progressive transition from surface runoff to infiltration and through soil drainage, and the problems of achieving this objective, are emphasised. Implications for land management (both agricultural and woodland) during this transition period, and the need for informed long-term management, are discussed.