<p>This paper advocates a holistic perception of the structural design process. By shortly reflecting the design process, it aims to identify common characteristics of &lsquo;good&rsquo; structural design: A common postulate is always the definition of, or ...

<p>This paper examines how the Eurocodes deal with structural safety and risk management in civil engineering. The questions of responsibility of the designer and/or of the architect are underlying, but are not treated in detail. On one hand, the public aversion ...

<p>According to modern design codes, such as the Eurocode 7, also Soil Retaining<br />structures should be designed according to Ultimate Limit State analysis, see [1]. From an economic point of view, the design of the lining, i.e. the thickness and reinforcement ...

<p>Numerical methods are increasingly used to predict ultimate limit state stresses in underground structures. Considerable experience has been gained in the UK of design and construction of SCL tunnels in soft ground, particularly under London. The urban ...

The first generic class of aseismic foundation design problem relates to the design of new foundations. Once earthquake risk and site effects have been evaluated the designer needs to proceed with the proportioning of the foundation. To date there is little ...