Earthquakes subject tunnel linings to transient strains due to ground shaking, and can cause localized permanent strains in zones of fault rupture. These issues are discussed with respect to seismic analyses and design strategies. Most underground structures ...

<p>Ras R&rsquo;Mel Moroccan tunnel is a 2.6 km long and 60m² section single track railway tunnel. It was excavated in a complex geological context of highly heterogeneous and highly deformable soft rock. The purpose of this paper is first to describe ...

<p>Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete (FRS) reinforced with macro-synthetic fibres has now been used to stabilize ground in underground mines and tunnels, and for slope stabilization, for over 10 years. Experience has demonstrated that macro-synthetic bres are capable ...

<p>A mathematical relation is described between the distribution of grout over injection ports, rheological properties and vertical grout pressure gradient immediately behind a TBM. This vertical grout pressure gradient is an important loading parameter in ...

<p>The 5 m diameter 23.3 km long Yacamb&uacute;-Quibor tunnel is designed to carry water through the Andes from the Yacamb&uacute; dam in the wet tropical Orinoco basin to the semi-arid but fertile Quibor basin in western Venezuela. The tunnel is excavated ...

<p>Rebound is a significant factor when evaluating the quality and performance of a<br />construction site using shotcrete. Rebound modifies the characteristics of shotcrete and must be disposed of. Thus a reduction in rebound becomes both a technical and ...

<p>According to modern design codes, such as the Eurocode 7, also Soil Retaining<br />structures should be designed according to Ultimate Limit State analysis, see [1]. From an economic point of view, the design of the lining, i.e. the thickness and reinforcement ...

There are several different driving forces behind the development of today’s modern robotic equipment. A need for efficiency, safety and economy. Most robotic units will help in this respect, by allowing substantially higher shotcrete output and even set-up ...

The paper addresses precast tunnel segments for the Line T02 of Saronno-Malpensa railway (Italy). After the experimental determination of the material properties, the structural behavior of the lining is simulated with FE analyses based on Non Linear Fracture ...

<p>A design approach is discussed for the structural rehabilitation of concrete lined tunnels. Depending on the severity of damage, and on the causes that produced it, three levels of rehabilitation are illustrated. They range from light repairs of the inner ...