<p>This paper deals with a shotcrete lining with steel sets. The nonlinear analyses of a reinforced shotcrete lining are performed by using fiber beam-column element, which is a forced based element on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The constitutive model ...

The mechanical behavior of a shotcrete lining is analyzed in this paper using the convergenceconfinement approach. A calculation procedure is presented which is able to provide the reaction curve of a lining with increasing stiffness, by taking into account ...

<p>Shotcrete is a process where concrete is projected or &ldquo;shot&rdquo; under pressure, using a feeder or a &ldquo;gun&rdquo; onto a surface to form structural shapes including walls, floors, and roofs. The surface can be wood, steel, polystyrene, or any ...

Since the advent of New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), shotcrete as a primary means of support in tunnels has been widely applied. It’s most important features are durability, speed of application and cost effectiveness. This paper introduces some tables ...

<p>This paper describes the activities of the International Tunnelling and Underground Space Association (ITA) Working Group 12 on Sprayed Concrete Use. The Working Group has carried out tasks with the purpose of promoting information exchange between National ...

<p>Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc. which is one of the famous Japanese electric power companies has developed the technology to manufacture the highly functional fly ash (HFA) which is a brand name &ldquo;Finash&rdquo; produced by sorting and classifying ...

<p>The Western Australian School of Mines (WASM) has developed a facility for the static testing of full scale ground support elements. The test facility consists of several stiff steel frames used to support the sample and a screw feed jack is used to load ...

<p>Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete (FRS) is now used together with bolts for ground support in almost every underground metalliferous mine in Australia. Safety and economy have been the primary factors driving the widespread adoption of this system of ground support. ...

<p>The 5 m diameter 23.3 km long Yacamb&uacute;-Quibor tunnel is designed to carry water through the Andes from the Yacamb&uacute; dam in the wet tropical Orinoco basin to the semi-arid but fertile Quibor basin in western Venezuela. The tunnel is excavated ...

<p>The use of shotcrete in tunnelling in frozen ground will be presented for an actual<br />project. There are specific demands on the mixture of shotcrete and the construction because of the frozen ground. The basics for the design especially the safety concept ...