<p>This paper deals with a shotcrete lining with steel sets. The nonlinear analyses of a reinforced shotcrete lining are performed by using fiber beam-column element, which is a forced based element on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The constitutive model ...

<p>Shotcrete is a process where concrete is projected or &ldquo;shot&rdquo; under pressure, using a feeder or a &ldquo;gun&rdquo; onto a surface to form structural shapes including walls, floors, and roofs. The surface can be wood, steel, polystyrene, or any ...

<p>Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete (FRS) is now used together with bolts for ground support in almost every underground metalliferous mine in Australia. Safety and economy have been the primary factors driving the widespread adoption of this system of ground support. ...

<p>The 5 m diameter 23.3 km long Yacamb&uacute;-Quibor tunnel is designed to carry water through the Andes from the Yacamb&uacute; dam in the wet tropical Orinoco basin to the semi-arid but fertile Quibor basin in western Venezuela. The tunnel is excavated ...

The shotcrete – rock interaction is very complex and is influenced by a number of factors. The influence of the following factors was investigated by a series of numerical analyses: the surface roughness of the opening, the rock strength and Young´s modulus, ...

There are several different driving forces behind the development of today’s modern robotic equipment. A need for efficiency, safety and economy. Most robotic units will help in this respect, by allowing substantially higher shotcrete output and even set-up ...

A punch test method has been developed to assess the performance of shotcrete and membranes. Each sample is sprayed onto a rock substrate containing a loading disc. The sample is rotated 180 degrees, placed onto the sample frame and constrained on all sides. ...

The authors wish to explore the possibility and practicality of making use of new generation support products to make the operation safer as well as enhance productivity in the development phase and during the undercut operation. This paper will attempt to ...

<p>This paper deals with full face excavation of large size tunnels in rock masses of very poor quality which exhibit squeezing behaviour. Time dependence is accounted for explicitly by using constitutive models which have been validated with reference to ...

<p>Numerical methods are increasingly used to predict ultimate limit state stresses in underground structures. Considerable experience has been gained in the UK of design and construction of SCL tunnels in soft ground, particularly under London. The urban ...