<p>This paper deals with a shotcrete lining with steel sets. The nonlinear analyses of a reinforced shotcrete lining are performed by using fiber beam-column element, which is a forced based element on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The constitutive model ...

<p>Shotcrete is a process where concrete is projected or &ldquo;shot&rdquo; under pressure, using a feeder or a &ldquo;gun&rdquo; onto a surface to form structural shapes including walls, floors, and roofs. The surface can be wood, steel, polystyrene, or any ...

<p>Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc. which is one of the famous Japanese electric power companies has developed the technology to manufacture the highly functional fly ash (HFA) which is a brand name &ldquo;Finash&rdquo; produced by sorting and classifying ...

<p>The Western Australian School of Mines (WASM) has developed a facility for the static testing of full scale ground support elements. The test facility consists of several stiff steel frames used to support the sample and a screw feed jack is used to load ...

<p>Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete (FRS) is now used together with bolts for ground support in almost every underground metalliferous mine in Australia. Safety and economy have been the primary factors driving the widespread adoption of this system of ground support. ...

<p>The 5 m diameter 23.3 km long Yacamb&uacute;-Quibor tunnel is designed to carry water through the Andes from the Yacamb&uacute; dam in the wet tropical Orinoco basin to the semi-arid but fertile Quibor basin in western Venezuela. The tunnel is excavated ...

<p>Rebound is a significant factor when evaluating the quality and performance of a<br />construction site using shotcrete. Rebound modifies the characteristics of shotcrete and must be disposed of. Thus a reduction in rebound becomes both a technical and ...

The shotcrete – rock interaction is very complex and is influenced by a number of factors. The influence of the following factors was investigated by a series of numerical analyses: the surface roughness of the opening, the rock strength and Young´s modulus, ...

There are several different driving forces behind the development of today’s modern robotic equipment. A need for efficiency, safety and economy. Most robotic units will help in this respect, by allowing substantially higher shotcrete output and even set-up ...

A punch test method has been developed to assess the performance of shotcrete and membranes. Each sample is sprayed onto a rock substrate containing a loading disc. The sample is rotated 180 degrees, placed onto the sample frame and constrained on all sides. ...