The behavior of soil retaining structures during earthquakes is investigated. Seismic excitation imparts inertial forces to the soil retaining system, and, once the seismic acceleration reaches the yield level, the structure exhibits permanent displacements. ...

This Note presents a few selected results of an experimental testing program carried out at the ESRF in Grenoble, France. X-ray microtomography (with a spatial resolution of 14 μm) has been used to evaluate the onset and evolution of shear banding in a fine-grained ...