<p>This paper aims to summarize all the main criteria to carry out the design and supervision of in situ concrete lining. It is shown what are the main points to make it easier the supervision. Once excavation, support and waterproofing phases are finished, ...

<p>Tunnels lined with concrete formed on site are subject to ageing and developments that may endanger their stability, functions, safety and the required level of service. A certain number of defects are inevitably noted during or after tunnel construction. ...

<p>This manual and the training course developed to accompany it are intended to provide guidance to ODOT personnel and otehr non geotechnical professionals in recognizing factors that may contriubte to tunnel problems</p>

<p>This second report by the ITA Working Group on General Approaches to the Design of Tunnels presents international design procedures for tunnels. In most tunnelling projects, the ground actively participates in providing stability to the opening. Therefore, ...